The Tern's Long Year

Written by Studio AM.

The Arctic tern is a small seabird with one of the longest known migrations. It breeds in northern regions and travels to waters near Antarctica, following summer between the two ends of the planet.

A tracking study published in 2010 followed birds from Greenland and Iceland. Tiny devices helped researchers estimate where the terns travelled. Their annual journeys averaged about seventy thousand kilometres, and some birds went much farther. This was a round trip, not a single flight without stopping.

The routes were not straight. The birds stopped in rich feeding areas and used helpful winds across the ocean. A direct route might be shorter on a map, but pushing against strong winds can cost energy that a bird cannot spare.

Some Arctic terns live for more than thirty years. Over a long life, their journeys can total millions of kilometres. Following the northern and southern summers also gives them long periods of daylight. The tracking records show both the scale of the journey and how the birds manage it.

Questions

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  1. Question 1 of 4

    What is the passage mainly about?

  2. Question 2 of 4

    About how long was the average annual journey in the 2010 study?

  3. Question 3 of 4

    Why might a shorter route on a map require more effort?

  4. Question 4 of 4

    What does 'spare' mean in the discussion of the birds' energy?

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