The Bystander Effect

Written by Studio AM.

When several people witness an emergency, a particular individual may be less likely to help than if they were alone. This pattern, found in some studies, is called the bystander effect. It does not mean that a larger crowd always leaves a person without help.

One explanation is that responsibility feels spread out, or diffused, among those present. Someone may assume another person will act. People can also look to each other when a situation is unclear. If others appear calm, a witness may underestimate the need for help.

The circumstances matter. How clear the danger is, whether people know each other, and what help seems possible can affect the response. Studies of real public conflicts have also found that someone often intervenes, and more witnesses can increase the chance that at least one person helps.

A clear request can reduce uncertainty. For example, asking a specific person to call emergency services gives them an identifiable task. It does not guarantee action, but it can clarify both the need and who is being asked.

Questions

Choose an answer. The explanation appears after you answer.

  1. Question 1 of 4

    The passage mainly explains

  2. Question 2 of 4

    According to the passage, what happens to a sense of responsibility in a group?

  3. Question 3 of 4

    Why might asking one person directly help?

  4. Question 4 of 4

    In this passage, 'diffused' most nearly means

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