The Division of Labor

Written by Studio AM.

One way to increase production is the division of labor. When a complex job is broken into small steps, and each worker performs just one of them, the total output can rise far beyond what the same people would manage each working alone.

Adam Smith's classic illustration concerns the making of pins. One person working from start to finish might complete only a handful in a day. In the workshop Smith described, workers divided tasks such as drawing the wire, cutting it, sharpening the point and attaching the head. Together they produced thousands of pins a day. The example combined divided tasks, practiced workers and appropriate equipment.

The gains come from several sources. A worker repeating one task can become quicker and more skilled at it. Less time may be lost switching between tools and motions. And once a task is narrow and well defined, it becomes easier to see how a machine might do it, which is how specialization quietly prepares the ground for automation.

There can also be a cost to the worker. A person who performs one tiny motion all day may learn it perfectly while understanding the whole less and less. The division of labor multiplies what a society can make, but it can also narrow the work of the individual leaving fewer opportunities to learn other parts of the process.

Questions

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  1. Question 1 of 4

    What is the passage mainly about?

  2. Question 2 of 4

    In Smith's workshop example, how many pins could the group produce in a day?

  3. Question 3 of 4

    The passage suggests that narrow, well-defined tasks:

  4. Question 4 of 4

    What does 'output' mean in this passage?

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