The Quiet Crowd

Written by Studio AM.

An emergency happens in a crowded place. Will someone help? That question differs from asking whether one particular witness will act. A larger crowd can provide more potential helpers even if some individuals hesitate.

In classic laboratory studies, participants who believed other witnesses were present were sometimes less likely to respond promptly than those who thought they were alone. One explanation is diffusion of responsibility: each person may assume someone else will act. Another is uncertainty about what is happening. If others appear calm, a witness may take that as evidence that no help is needed, even when those people are also unsure.

These findings do not describe every crowd. The seriousness of the event, the relationships among witnesses, and the help required can change responses. Research using recordings of real public conflicts has often found that someone intervenes. An individual's chance of helping and the chance that any person in the group helps are different measures.

A clear request can reduce uncertainty and focus responsibility. Rather than calling vaguely to a crowd, a person can identify a nearby witness and ask for a specific action, such as contacting emergency services. This gives that witness a clear task while leaving others able to help too.

Questions

Choose an answer. The explanation appears after you answer.

  1. Question 1 of 4

    Which sentence best states the main idea?

  2. Question 2 of 4

    What did some classic laboratory comparisons find?

  3. Question 3 of 4

    Why can a specific request to one witness help?

  4. Question 4 of 4

    What does “diffusion” mean here?

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