How a String Changes Its Note

Written by Studio AM.

Pluck a stretched string, and it vibrates back and forth. That vibration pushes the surrounding air and produces a note. Faster vibration creates a higher pitch; slower vibration creates a lower one.

Three properties help set the string's natural frequency. A shorter vibrating length usually produces a higher note, which is why pressing a guitar string against a fret changes pitch. Greater tension also tends to raise the frequency. A string with more mass per unit of length tends to vibrate more slowly.

These factors interact. Tightening a string while keeping its length and material the same raises its pitch, but excessive tension can break it. Two strings of equal length and tension can sound different if one is thicker or made from denser material.

The instrument body shapes loudness and tone by responding to the vibration, yet the string begins the repeating motion. Musicians tune by making controlled changes, then listening or measuring until each frequency reaches the intended note.

Questions

Choose an answer. The explanation appears after you answer.

  1. Question 1 of 4

    What is the main idea of the passage?

  2. Question 2 of 4

    Why can two equally long, equally tense strings sound at different pitches?

  3. Question 3 of 4

    What does “pitch” mean in this passage?

  4. Question 4 of 4

    What may happen if tension becomes excessive?

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