The Microphone That Listens Through Wood

Written by Studio AM.

An ordinary microphone mainly responds to pressure changes traveling through the air. A contact microphone takes another route. Fastened to a wooden panel, metal rail, or instrument body, it responds directly to vibration in that surface. A light tap on the far end can therefore become a strong electrical signal, while nearby conversation may sound faint.

Many contact microphones contain a thin piezoelectric element. When the surface bends or shakes, it strains this material. The material produces a small electric charge that follows the motion. An amplifier strengthens that changing signal, and a speaker turns it back into audible sound.

Placement matters because a surface does not vibrate equally everywhere. Near a rigid support, movement may be small; near a flexible section, it may be larger. Wood, glass, and steel also favor different patterns of vibration. Sound artists use this difference to reveal hidden textures, from a bridge cable's hum to the scratch of a pencil across a table. The device does not merely hear an object. Its attachment makes the object part of the microphone.

Questions

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  1. Question 1 of 4

    What is the main idea of the passage?

  2. Question 2 of 4

    Why might a flexible section produce a stronger contact-microphone signal than a point near a rigid support?

  3. Question 3 of 4

    What does “rigid” mean in the phrase “Near a rigid support”?

  4. Question 4 of 4

    What strengthens the small changing electrical signal?

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