One Penny, Any Distance

Written by Studio AM.

Before 1840, sending a letter in Britain was awkward work. The person who received the letter usually paid for it, not the sender. The price depended on the distance and on the number of sheets of paper. Charges could be high enough that a recipient refused a letter rather than pay for it.

A reformer named Rowland Hill argued that this system wasted money. Calculating charges took clerks' time. He proposed one flat price for any light letter, paid in advance by the sender.

A uniform penny rate began in January 1840. In May, the Post Office issued a small rectangle of paper with glue on the back and the head of Queen Victoria printed in black ink. It cost one penny. People stuck it on a letter weighing up to half an ounce, which could then travel anywhere in the United Kingdom for that prepaid rate.

The reforms made a large difference. Letters became cheap enough for ordinary families, and the number sent in Britain rose sharply within a few years. Other countries copied the idea. For more families, writing home became a regular habit rather than a luxury.

Questions

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  1. Question 1 of 4

    The passage is mainly about

  2. Question 2 of 4

    Before 1840, who usually paid for a letter?

  3. Question 3 of 4

    Why might someone have refused a letter before the reform?

  4. Question 4 of 4

    In the last sentence, 'luxury' means

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