The Rosetta Stone

Written by Studio AM.

In 1799, French soldiers were digging near a town in Egypt. One of them found a broken slab of dark stone. The stone was covered with writing. It had three kinds of script cut into its surface: Egyptian hieroglyphs at the top, an Egyptian script called Demotic in the middle, and Greek at the bottom.

Scholars could read the Greek. The three sections were versions of the same decree, an official statement issued by priests in support of a king. So the stone was a kind of key. Comparing the versions gave scholars clues to the unknown signs.

The work was still slow. For more than twenty years, scholars argued about what the signs meant. Many people believed that hieroglyphs were only pictures of ideas. Thomas Young linked some signs to sounds in royal names. In 1822, Jean-François Champollion announced a major advance in understanding how hieroglyphs represented the Egyptian language. With that idea, the old writing began to make sense.

The stone is cracked and incomplete, but its inscriptions helped scholars recover a writing system used for thousands of years. Other ancient texts and continued research were also essential.

Questions

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  1. Question 1 of 4

    What does the passage mainly explain?

  2. Question 2 of 4

    According to the passage, which text on the stone could scholars already read?

  3. Question 3 of 4

    Why was it important that the three sections carried the same message?

  4. Question 4 of 4

    In this passage, 'decree' means

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