Socrates and Careful Questions

Written by Studio AM.

In Plato's writings, Socrates asks people to examine ideas they use confidently, such as courage and justice. He asks what a term means and tests the proposed definition with further examples. An answer that seemed clear may turn out to need revision.

Plato's Apology includes a story about the oracle at Delphi. A friend asks whether anyone is wiser than Socrates and receives the answer that no one is. Socrates is puzzled because he does not consider himself especially knowledgeable. He questions people with reputations for wisdom and finds that expertise in one area can be accompanied by unsupported confidence in others.

His conclusion is modest: recognising the limits of his knowledge gives him an advantage over someone who wrongly believes they know. This is not a claim that knowing nothing is better than learning. It distinguishes knowledge from the feeling of certainty.

Socrates left no writings of his own. We know his questioning through accounts by others, especially Plato. These works encourage readers to ask for reasons, examine examples and revise claims when they fail a test.

Questions

Choose an answer. The explanation appears after you answer.

  1. Question 1 of 4

    What is the passage mainly about?

  2. Question 2 of 4

    In Plato's account, what answer does Socrates' friend receive at Delphi?

  3. Question 3 of 4

    A skilled builder claims expertise in medicine simply because they are good at building. What question fits the passage's approach?

  4. Question 4 of 4

    What does 'modest' mean when describing Socrates' conclusion?

Score: none answered yet.

More passages

Practise reading