Separate independent components from routes that share a bottleneck, then compare two upgrades.
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First lesson in this subject: Count equally likely outcomes
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Each numbered component works independently with the chance shown inside it. Plain connecting lines always work. A complete route needs every numbered component along it to work.
Both routes in this layout use component 1. The upper route then uses component 2; the lower route uses component 3. If component 1 fails, neither route can connect start to finish. The components are independent, but the two complete routes share a state.
You are reading the opening. Members read every lesson and guide in full. A free account reads the first lesson in each subject in full.
You are reading the opening. Your free account reads the first lesson in each subject in full. Members read every lesson and guide in full.
First lesson in this subject: Count equally likely outcomes
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Practice · Compare routes that can fail, notice shared bottlenecks and choose useful upgrades.
Book · Count outcomes, update chances with new information, and compare decisions through worked examples.
Previous lesson · Use two valid extreme arrangements to separate what is guaranteed from what is merely possible.
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